HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS REGISTER		Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced]

This Article Free to Access Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: adc.2007.125641v1 93/5/373    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in ADC Online Similar articles in PubMed Add article to my folders Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Jafar, T H Articles by Chaturvedi, N Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Jafar, T H Articles by Chaturvedi, N Topic Collections Unlocked Relevant Articles

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

¹ Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
² Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
³ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
⁴ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
⁵ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Correspondence to:
Dr Tazeen H Jafar, Director, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan; tazeen.jafar{at}aku.edu

Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging global public health challenge. Evidence for the transition in nutrition in Indo-Asian developing countries is lacking. We conducted these analyses to determine the trends in nutritional status of school-aged children in urban Pakistan.

Methods: Data on the nutritional status of children aged 5 to 14 years from two independent population-based representative surveys, the urban component of the National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP; 1990–1994) and the Karachi survey (2004–2005), were analysed. Using normative data from children in the United States as the reference, trends for age- and gender-standardised prevalence (95% CI) of underweight (more than 2 SD below the weight-for-age reference), stunted (more than 2 SD below the height-for-age reference) and overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) 85^th percentile or greater) children were compared for the two surveys. The association between physical activity and being overweight or obese was analysed in the Karachi survey using logistical regression analysis.

Results: 2074 children were included in the urban NHSP and 1675 in the Karachi survey. The prevalence of underweight children was 29.7% versus 27.3% (p = 0.12), stunting was 16.7% versus 14.3% (p = 0.05), and prevalence of overweight and obese children was 3.0 versus 5.7 (p<0.001) in the NHSP and Karachi surveys, respectively. Physical activity was inversely correlated with being overweight or obese (odds ratio, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.32–0.80 for those who engaged in more than 30 minutes of physical activity versus those engaged in less than 30 minutes’ activity).

Conclusions: Our study highlights the challenge faced by Pakistani school-aged children. There has been a rapid rise in the number of overweight and obsese children despite a persistently high burden of undernutrition. Focus on prevention of obesity in children must include strategies for promoting physical activity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. H Jafar, J. Hatcher, and Z. A Bhutta Rapidly rising rates of overweight and obesity coupled with persistently high rates of undernutrition among school aged children in an urban Indo-Asian population: authors' response Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 1000 - 1001. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Corvalan, A. D Dangour, and R. Uauy Need to address all forms of childhood malnutrition with a common agenda Arch. Dis. Child., May 1, 2008; 93(5): 361 - 362. [Full Text] [PDF]